Research insights · Feedback & growth
A place to begin
Blume and colleagues’ meta-analysis synthesized 89 empirical studies on training transfer. It examined relationships involving learner characteristics, the work environment and training interventions as learning is applied across work tasks and contexts.
Listen separately to understanding and use
A positive learning experience and an example of changed action deserve different questions. A leader may explain delegation principles clearly and still find waiting difficult when a real deadline approaches. Explore where the gap appears before naming it a failure.
Invite the leader to choose one idea that stayed with them and find a work situation in which to try it. Let the scene come from their own priorities. That gives the conversation a concrete place to explore what meaningful change might look like.
Choose an actual scene for a small experiment
Connect a wish such as asking more questions with one 1on1 or project check-in. Who will be there, when will it happen, and what would the leader like to do differently? Consider whether the colleague needs to know that a different approach is being tried.
Explore obstacles beforehand. There may be little time, a risk requiring immediate leadership action, or a colleague unfamiliar with the new approach. Adjusting the experiment to those conditions is part of preparing to learn, rather than a reason to avoid the attempt.
Identify support from a manager or peer
Do people around the leader know what they are trying? If the leader is leaving more judgment with the team while their own manager expects immediate approval of every decision, what needs clarification? Discuss the expectations and boundaries of the experiment together.
A peer might offer a brief space to reflect afterward. Let the leader choose the support they want and how to request it. They can discuss the practice and conditions needed without disclosing private coaching-session content.
Review the process as well as the outcome
Ask what actually happened, what surprised the person and what they learned. Did the colleague explain a judgment differently? What did the leader experience while waiting? Those details can make the learning available for another situation.
If the experiment did not happen, explore whether a criterion remained unclear, the chosen task was too large or another decision was needed first. Use that information to make the next attempt more workable rather than leaving the person with an unfinished assignment.
Include opportunities to apply learning in HR planning
Instead of ending with an instruction to apply the learning, discuss whether leaders can secure an actual task and review conversation. Explore where the organization’s development goals meet the experiment the leader has chosen. What room will exist in the working week?
Alongside attendance or satisfaction, ask what the person tried in which scene and what support is needed next. A review can explore how a principle takes shape within this person’s team rather than expecting identical behavior in every context.
Connecting the research with coaching
For leadership development, a reflective application is to ask where the learning can be tried, alongside what was learned. Connect a leader’s chosen situation with practical conditions and support.
What to keep in view
A review of training transfer is not equivalent to evidence for every coaching process. The experiments and HR questions here are applications, not findings validating a particular workbook or program.
Original research and source
Brian D. Blume, J. Kevin Ford, Timothy T. Baldwin & Jason L. Huang (2010). Transfer of Training: A Meta-Analytic Review.
Read the primary research record ↗Questions about this topic
What is training transfer?
It concerns applying what was learned to tasks and situations in actual work.
Does high training satisfaction establish workplace change?
Satisfaction and application are different questions. Explore what someone actually tried, where and with what experience.
How can coaching use this perspective?
Choose a real-work experiment, examine the conditions and support needed, and reflect on the experience before choosing the next step.

