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Looking at leader strain through job demands and resources

Bring workload pressures and usable support into the same HR conversation, alongside the leader’s choices and responses.

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Research insights · Organization & HR

A place to begin

Bakker and Demerouti’s review examines the Job Demands-Resources model and its evidence. It considers demands requiring sustained effort alongside work resources supporting goals, reducing costs or enabling growth, and discusses pathways involving strain and motivation.

Put specific demands beside resources that can be used

Being busy does not tell you which part of the work is most demanding. Ask about a real scene: changing deadlines, an emotionally difficult exchange, unclear roles or repeated approvals. Hear where the burden is concentrated before offering a coping method.

Alongside that scene, explore information, authority, help and time. Having a policy is not the same as being able to use it when needed. What happened the last time this leader requested support? Begin with the experience rather than the availability statement.

Understand a pattern without assigning all responsibility

A leader may explore difficulty declining requests or a habit of taking every decision back. Understanding the value or concern behind that response can open questions about another choice. There can be real developmental work in that inquiry.

At the same time, ask whether staffing gaps or conflicting priorities can change through the leader’s attitude alone. Separate actions within their scope from conditions requiring a manager’s or HR’s decision, so development does not simply become another demand.

Make the needed choice visible to a manager

Take one additional request and describe the outcome, existing commitments, available resources and likely implications of adding it unchanged. Then put the decision needed into one sentence. What would become clearer for the team if that decision were made?

For example, meeting one deadline may require moving another or obtaining support. Prepare realistic options without deciding that the leader must personally solve every alternative. Ask who needs to be involved in the choice and when a response is needed.

Describe the team without reducing people to capacity

Workload and scheduling discussions may need numbers. They can also include the experience of concentration, relationships and opportunities to learn. A colleague is more than an empty slot that can absorb the next piece of work.

Ask what consumes the most energy and what support or choice would make a difference. Listen for a gap between the problem you thought you understood and what the person considers important. Their account can change the question you bring to the organization.

Choose one condition to change with HR

Rather than repairing everything, consider removing one repeated report, naming the decision-maker for competing priorities, or agreeing when resource requests will receive an answer. Clarify who can make the decision and the actual scope of the experiment.

Afterward, review unnecessary checking, time to focus and clarity alongside processing time. What did the leader no longer need to absorb? How did the team experience the change? Let that evidence guide a further adjustment rather than adding another improvement process automatically.

Connecting the research with coaching

In coaching, this perspective can open questions about what the leader carries and which resources are genuinely available. It helps distinguish personal choices from matters requiring organizational decisions.

What to keep in view

This is a reflective application of work-design and well-being research, not a diagnosis of an individual or a guarantee about a particular resource. Health concerns may also call for appropriate professional support.

Original research and source

Arnold B. Bakker & Evangelia Demerouti (2007). The Job Demands-Resources model: State of the art.

Read the primary research record ↗

Questions about this topic

Can coaching alone resolve leader exhaustion?

Coaching can explore choices and responses, while workload, staffing, authority and health-related support may need attention beyond the sessions.

What might a work resource include?

Practical questions can explore usable information, authority, support, time and opportunities to develop in this particular setting.

Where can HR begin?

Ask about one recent work situation: what made it demanding, and what support could the person actually use?

LET’S DESIGN THE NEXT STEP

Let’s start with the change
your leaders need.

Discuss the leaders involved, recurring work challenges and the changes you want to explore.

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