Research insights · Conversations & trust
A place to begin
Dirks and Ferrin synthesized relationships across 106 samples of leadership-trust research. They examined how relationships differed by definitions and by referent, such as a direct leader versus organizational leadership, and highlighted direct leaders as an important focus of trust.
Ask what has become difficult to rely on
A statement about lacking trust can hold different experiences: uncertainty about sharing a concern, receiving a needed decision, or keeping a conversation within agreed boundaries. Those concerns invite different questions. Begin by hearing what the person means.
Ask about whom and about a specific event. Are you hearing uncertainty about a company decision as a personal verdict about you? Leave room for what you do not know and examine one scene together before deciding what needs repair.
Revisit a promise made during a conversation
Think of one matter you offered to check or help with in a recent 1on1. What did you agree to do and by when? What answer is the colleague waiting for? A passing sentence for the leader may have become an important promise to the other person.
Even if it remains unresolved, you can explain what you have checked and what has not been decided. Notice whether waiting to return with a complete solution has left the colleague with no information about the process.
Be clear about what you can and cannot offer
Sometimes the requested support is not available. Distinguish what is possible from what is difficult or requires another decision. Notice whether your wish to preserve the relationship is drawing you into a promise you cannot responsibly make.
After explaining, hear what the person understood. Did the limit sound like an excuse, and is the next step clear? You do not need to remove disappointment immediately. You can remain present to it while staying honest about the available choices.
Acknowledge the impact of your own action
If you interrupted someone or used a harsh tone, name the specific action. Before explaining why it happened, leave time to hear how it was experienced. There may be an important difference between your intention and what the person encountered.
You can describe what you want to try differently without asking for immediate understanding or forgiveness. This may be difficult for you too. Explore the relationship and standard you want to protect, then choose a next action that fits them.
What HR can explore beyond a leader’s attitude
Can the leader access the support they offered? Are approvals or information gaps preventing an answer? Distinguish responsibilities so that uncertainty about organizational decisions does not become a trust problem carried entirely by one manager.
This week, choose one ongoing promise and share its status and next check point. Alongside whether the issue was solved, ask what became clearer while the person waited. Take one small principle from that experience into the next conversation rather than promising certainty you do not have.
Connecting the research with coaching
A coaching application is to make “Does the team trust me?” more specific. This reflection focuses on following up after listening and explaining limits, rather than the scope of delegated authority.
What to keep in view
This synthesis examines relationships, not a causal experiment showing that one follow-up behavior creates trust. Trust in the organization and an experience with a direct leader should not be treated as identical.
Original research and source
Kurt T. Dirks & Donald L. Ferrin (2002). Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice.
Read the primary research record ↗Questions about this topic
Is trust in a leader the same as trust in the company?
No. The research distinguishes referents, including direct leaders and organizational leadership.
Should I wait until a promised issue is fully solved before replying?
You can share what is known, what remains undecided and when you will check again.
Does an apology immediately restore trust?
That cannot be guaranteed. Acknowledge the action and impact, hear the person’s experience and revisit subsequent behavior.

