Research insights · Self-awareness & roles
A place to begin
Gollwitzer and Sheeran synthesized 94 independent tests and reported an overall benefit of implementation intentions for goal attainment. These plans link a specified situation with an intended response, distinguishing concrete enactment from a strong wish to achieve a goal.
Separate the direction from the moment of action
Wanting to hear the team more fully tells you something about the leader you wish to be. Next, identify a moment when that intention needs to become available: leaning forward to answer, receiving an urgent question, or feeling a meeting run late.
Choose a scene you are likely to encounter this week rather than an unlimited category such as every stressful situation. Ask whether you could notice the cue in time and whether the action would be possible within the circumstances.
Hear why the chosen response matters
Before writing the plan, stay with the reason for choosing it. You may want to respect a colleague’s judgment, remain firm without becoming aggressive, or stop absorbing every problem alone. Find language that expresses what matters to you.
A useful coaching conversation explores more than a desirable behavior supplied by someone else. What does the choice mean in your work, and what makes it difficult? Let that understanding shape the action you actually want to try.
Write one small, specific sentence
For example: “When a colleague asks me to choose and I feel ready to answer, I will ask what they recommend first.” Or: “When I hear my voice speeding up, I will breathe out once and start with the facts I know.”
Adapt the sentence to your language. Discuss exceptions where safety or customer impact requires immediate intervention. The purpose is to support a choice that matters, rather than introduce an automatic rule that ignores changing conditions.
Learn from the day the plan did not happen
Did you miss the cue, notice it without enough room to act, or discover that the planned response was not useful? Those are different experiences. Explore them before reducing the event to a conclusion that you lack commitment.
Take three minutes to note what happened and what you learned. You might simplify the cue or make the action smaller. If remembering alone is difficult, decide whether a colleague could offer a helpful reminder and how you would like to ask.
Let HR support maintenance without adding a burden
A 30/60/90-day review can leave room for one behavior and one conversation rather than a new collection of assignments. Check whether schedules, authority and support from the manager make the chosen practice workable.
Alongside asking whether the plan happened, ask what the leader noticed sooner and how they chose again. A review can become a place to return to a meaningful principle and adapt it, rather than defend a perfect completion record.
Connecting the research with coaching
A leadership application is to translate “I want to listen better” into a recognizable moment and a choice: when I notice the urge to answer, I will ask one more question first.
What to keep in view
The review spans different goal domains. It does not establish that every If–Then sentence works equally well or validate a particular 30/60/90-day leadership plan. Try a plan in context and revise it from experience.
Original research and source
Peter M. Gollwitzer & Paschal Sheeran (2006). Implementation Intentions and Goal Achievement: A Meta-analysis of Effects and Processes.
Read the primary research record ↗Questions about this topic
What is an If–Then plan?
It links a specified situation or cue with an action you intend to take when that cue appears.
How many plans should I make?
One relevant scene and one small action are a workable starting point. Adjust after trying them.
Does missing the plan mean change has failed?
Explore the cue, conditions and action. The experience may help you simplify the plan or identify support you need.

